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Covering the Front and Back Pages of the Newspaper
June 1, 2010
WAR: The Face of Sanctions
News came Monday that the Israeli navy had boarded a flotilla of ships seeking to run Israel's blockade of Gaza, setting off an incident that ended with the Israelis shooting a number of people on board the ship. The immediate controversy is over what happened on board: the Israelis say they were attacked upon boarding by assailants wielding knives and clubs. Who you believe depends in large part where your sympathies lie in the longstanding struggle between Israel and its neighbors. But at bottom, incidents like Monday's are the inevitable results of a policy of sanctions and the blockade required to enforce them. And advocates of such policies who claim that they are preferable to more openly aggressive means of dealing with security threats need to come to grips with that fact. Israel, it is not news to report, has long suffered from serious security threats - suicide-terrorist attacks, rocket launches, and the movement of arms and hostile men that support such threats - emanating from Palestinian territory in Gaza and the West Bank. Some of Israel's critics on the Left argue that Israel should have no response at all to these assaults on Israeli civilians, but plainly this is not a feasible option - such people would never argue that the United States should just ignore the spillage of oil in the Gulf of Mexico, much less people lobbing rockets into our territory. Nor is a law-enforcement-style manhunt of those responsible in the aftermath of attacks a sane solution, not least in light of the manifest impossibility of obtaining the cooperation of authorities in Gaza and the West Bank who range from personally complicit to indifferent to impotent. Boiled down to essentials, there are three possible Israeli responses to such threats: 1) Retaliation in kind. Most everyone would agree that this is the worst of all options, the collective-punishment approach of targeting Palestinian civilians for death in response to any attack. 2) Invasion/occupation. Israel could return to a policy of entering and controlling Gaza, eliminating the state of semi-independence that allows threats to fester. This, too, is a strategy that is costly in lives and provocation. 3) Sanctions/blockade. Although it has not been the exclusive policy undertaken, imposing sanctions and a blockade on Gaza has been Israel's main line of defense. Basically, the Israelis are trying to prevent the Palestinians from obtaining weapons - a policy of interdiction, similar to a gun-control or war-on-drugs approach, as opposed to going to the roots of the problem. This isn't the only purpose for which sanctions are used; in some cases, economic sanctions are used as retrospective punishments, or as leverage (put enough hurt on the other guy to make him cry uncle), or to deny a regime the resources to buy weapons. But the common thread is that any sanctions policy, to be effective, must be accompanied by enforcement of the sanctions through some form of blockade. The trouble with sanctions and blockades is that somebody always tries to violate them. In this case, the Israelis permit humanitarian aid to be sent to Gaza through Israeli ports/checkpoints, but the flotilla was a deliberate effort to bring shipments to Gaza without Israeli inspection. And that left Israel with two choices: abandon the strategy of sanctions and blockade, or enforce them, up to and including the use of force if the blockade met with resistance. This is a corollary of two points I've been making for years: one, that if you send soldiers into anything, you have to know how far you are willing to go to accomplish their mission, and two, that all forms of leverage in international conflict resolution are war by other means, and at the end of the day they are backed by credible threats of force, or they are not. We have long experience with the problems of sanctions policies and the blockades necessary to enforce them. One is the risk that using force to enforce a blockade risks violence and escalation - think of the Japanese bombing Pearl Harbor partly in response to U.S. economic (oil) sanctions, or the U.S. entering World War I partly in response to Germany sinking ships bound for blockaded Britain, or the U.S. and the Soviet Union nearly coming to nuclear war over JFK's blockade of Cuba in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis. A second is the drain and diplomatic strain created by long-running blockades: think of the cost of keeping U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia to essentially blockade Iraq from 1991 to 2003, and the tensions that helped inflame. A third is the humanitarian cost, as regimes like Saddam's and Castro's and Kim Jong Il's keep their leadership well-fed and housed while passing the costs of sanctions down to the innocent populace. A fourth is the pervasive risk that sanctions regimes cannot be enforced, especially in countries with multiple borders or where powerful countries openly or tacitly decline to cooperate. North Korea or Iran cannot be sanctioned effectively without the sincere cooperation of Russia and China. Iraq conducted significant trade while under sanctions, and succeeded in corrupting the UN Oil-for-Food program to a shocking but predictable extent. And where the purpose of sanctions is to prevent the targeted state from obtaining weapons, especially nuclear materials, chemical/biogical weapons, rockets or other explosives, the blockade must be airtight or it will be a dismal, lethal failure. None of these things are reasons never to use sanctions. In some essentially non-violent disputes, like international disapproval of South African apartheid or trade disputes, even partly effective sanctions can provide significant leverage. In some cases, like Israel's blockade of Gaza and the U.S. sanctions against Cuba, the small size and geographic proximity of the blockaded target make sanctions and blockade more effective. And there are often arguments to be made that the evil of sanctions and blockade are lesser than the evils of the alternatives of either inaction or aggressive, perhaps preemptive, military force and occupation. But know this: if you argue for sanctions as a tool of international diplomacy, you must be willing to own the consequences, up to and including shooting people who try to run the blockade, perhaps in some cases mistakenly, perhaps in other cases where they were only trying to deliver "humanitarian" aid that's being blockaded. The incident on the flotilla was the face of sanctions. Remember what that face really looks like before you argue again for their use. Comments
I haven't seen it, but my understanding is the Israeli forces shot video of the entire operation. This hasn't been shown my the media and probably won't be. Supposedly it shows the Israelis being attacked by the "peaceful" protesters. Just another shot at Israel. Posted by: maddirishman at June 1, 2010 4:11 PMJust watched the video on Fox. Clearly the "peace" protesters were the aggressors. Even throwing one of the soldiers over the rail. Only after being severely beaten did the Israeli soldiers open fire. Obviously in self-defense. Posted by: maddirishman at June 1, 2010 4:31 PMI agree, in general, with the the arguments and analysis of the risks and benefits of sanctions and blockades. The Israeli population faces strain and tension from the threat of terrorism unlike any other people. However, because of the realities of international politics, Israel's actions to defend itself or, as in this case, to defend its blockade, must be carefully calibrated. Netanyahu does not have the temperament to be Prime Minister and his statements and behaviors are increasing the threats to Israel. Posted by: magrooder at June 1, 2010 5:47 PMmaddirishman, your first mistake is believing that self-serving edited video provided by the Israelis would provide any insight into the chronology of events (I can imagine what Israeli video of the hours long air and naval assault on the undefended USS Liberty in 1967 might have looked like). It's nice to see a nuanced discussion of sanctions. The "sanctions don't work" crowd, usually economists with little understanding or appreciation of politics, like to point out that the sanctions often don't cause states to change their behavior. Whether you are willing to back up sanctions with force, of course, depends on how strongly your national interests are threatened in the first place. In the case of Israel, as in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the national interests were high - you want to block lethal weapons that could be used against you. In other cases, such as your South African apartheid example, you are probably not going to back it up with force. Yes, apartheid is terrible, but it does not affect any strong national interest, such as security. As for enforcement, in some cases it's enough just to monitor the companies in your own country to prevent them from supplying the offending state. In cases like Israel or the missile crisis, the stakes are much higher, and blockades are required. But there is no doubt, if you go the blockade route, don't be surprised if you actually have to fire on someone. Posted by: MVH at June 2, 2010 1:13 PMBob, just the typical frat boy "thank you sir may I have another" response I would expect from a liberal on a subject concerning Israel. You may not have been paying attention, but NATO, including the US and Turkey, have been boarding ships in the Persian Gulf, international waters, for several years. The scenerio has been much the same as the Israeli situation, supporting a blockade to keep unauthorized materials fro reaching port. Israel is defending itself against an enemy that has vowed to wipe it off the face of the earth. You also seem to have lost sight of the purpose of the blockade and the fact that Israel's Arab neighbor Egypt is also participating. The blockade is not to starve out the residents of Gaza. There are ports available in in Israel and Egypt for ships to land at and unload. The problem for Hamas and their supporters is that in these ports shipments are searched for weapons. That doesn't work for them because it does not allow them to continue to making rockets to shoot into Israel. As for your reference to Fox News and my viewing habits, I generally go to sources that I can count on to provide accuarate and timely news. While the other networks were bashing Israel for having the nerve to defend itself, Fox was showing the video. Sure video can be edited, but how do you edit video to include troops being beaten with lead pipes? Bob, to need to take a step into the real world...quickly, before you get run over in your little dream world. Posted by: maddirishman at June 3, 2010 8:39 AMGood point, maddirishman. We sometimes forget the dictatorship which runs Egypt also supports the Gaza blockade. Thanks for the reminder. There are ports available in in Israel and Egypt for ships to land at and unload. Lefties never deal with this fact. Just another example of their dishonesty. Believe the videos or don't. Claim the media loves Israel (even though most of them didn't screen the videos for viewers.) But if you want to be taken seriously and avoid being accused of stupidity, dishonesty or anti-Semitism, you need to explain why this "humanitarian mission" just couldn't find a way to actually deliver the aid like everybody else does. Posted by: spongeworthy at June 3, 2010 11:17 AMAh, the typical chicken little, Hamas as existential threat to the virtually defenseless little Israel response I'd expect from a keyboard commando on a subject pertaining to the Middle East. I'm aware of NATO exercises in the gulf, as well as American led attempts to isolate Iran, but please elaborate on the blockade you maintain has been in effect for "several years". If criticism of Israel policies = anti-Semitism, criticism of Obama's policies = anti-Americanism.
And, spongeworthy, cut the crap with the "lefties dishonsty" bullshit. Bob and Berto, if this really was a humanitarian mission, why not just step aside, allow inspection and proceed to port? Easy answer, it wasn't a humanitarian mission. Oh and by the way, Israel has been allowing food and medical supples to pass from the start. Posted by: maddirishman at June 3, 2010 3:22 PMmaddirishman, I believe the pirates have had ample time to search their booty. If it wasn't a humanitarian mission, why haven't we seen the bombs and rockets? Easy answer, it was a humanitarian mission. To borrow a line from my favorite lefty leaning tv show, "Bob you ignorant slut". I guess they haven't shown footage of the Persian Gulf efforts on those other networks you watch. I am not aware if it ongoing or not and really don't care. You also might have missed the fact that there was more than one ship in the flotilla that launched from Turkey. Only one ship approached at that time and it was boarded. You lefties really aren't worth the effort. You spent to much time in our public school system and it really shows. Posted by: maddirishman at June 3, 2010 5:07 PMmaddirishman, a little early in the day to be that shitfaced, isn't it? To borrow a line from a movie with a simple enough plot for even you to understand, "drunk and stupid is no way to go through life, son". Come on Bob...son? If your are not going to respect your elders at least respect your betters. Posted by: maddirishman at June 3, 2010 8:57 PM"If your are not going to respect your elders at least respect your betters." Which would your be? And are your speech slurred again? Posted by: Bob at June 3, 2010 9:43 PMThe left/right divide on Israel in the US is getting wider, and that is unfortunate because it shouldn't be necessary. Israel is a US ally in the region, but I don't see why that mandates a US rubber-stamp on all Israeli foreign policy choices, especially regarding Palestine. I had no problem, for example, of Obama criticizing Israel for condemning more Israeli settlements on Palestinian territory as being antithetical to the peace process. This blockade incident is a little more complicated because as Crank mentioned, the details are very murky. I wish the Israelis had been a little better prepared to deal with this type of incident, but you really have to question the motives (and the intelligence) of these alleged humanitarians in trying to run the blockade. In any event, it is a small symptom of a much larger problem. Posted by: MVH at June 4, 2010 10:05 AMMake that: I had no problem, for example, with Obama condemning Israeli settlements on Palestinian territory as being antithetical to the peace process. One of these days, I'll start proofreading my posts. Posted by: MVH at June 4, 2010 10:07 AMOff topic, but I just wanted to mention that even George W. Bush is now "channeling his inner Berto" (i.e. admitting torture).
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